What are the symptoms of cow’s milk allergy?
Cow’s milk allergy is a food allergy in which the immune system overreacts to the proteins in cow’s milk. This can cause various symptoms in the skin, gastrointestinal system and respiratory tract.
Common symptoms of cow’s milk allergy
The symptoms of cow’s milk allergy can vary from person to person and depend on the severity of the allergic reaction. In general, symptoms are classified into three categories:
1. Skin complaints
Cow’s milk allergy can lead to various skin reactions, including:
- Eczema or dry, itchy skin
- Hives (red, itchy bumps)
- Swelling of the lips, tongue or eyelids
These skin symptoms usually occur within minutes to hours after consuming milk or milk products.
2. Gastrointestinal complaints
The digestive system can react strongly to milk proteins, which can manifest as:
- Diarrhoea or thin stools
- Abdominal pain or intestinal cramps
- Nausea and vomiting
- Constipation (obstipation)
- Excessive gas and bloating
In babies, this may also be accompanied by a lot of crying, restlessness or feeding problems.
3. Respiratory problems
Some people with cow’s milk allergy develop respiratory symptoms, such as:
- Shortness of breath or wheezing
- Blocked or runny nose
- Sneezing and itching in the nose
- Sore throat or hoarseness
Severe cases may involve anaphylaxis, a life-threatening allergic reaction in which the airways swell and breathing becomes difficult.
How soon do the symptoms appear?
Most symptoms of cow’s milk allergy occur within minutes to a few hours of consuming milk or milk products. In some cases, symptoms may not appear until several days later, especially for skin and intestinal symptoms.
When should you consult a doctor?
If you suspect that you or your child has cow’s milk allergy, it is important to have an allergy test done. In case of severe symptoms such as breathing problems, swelling or severe reactions, medical attention should be sought immediately.
