Everything you need to know about a bladder infection

Bladder infection, also known as cystitis, is a common urinary tract infection that can affect both men and women, but is more common in women. The infection is caused by bacteria that enter the bladder through the urethra and cause inflammation there. This can lead to symptoms such as a burning sensation when urinating, frequent urination and abdominal pain.

Because cystitis can be annoying, painful and, in some cases, lead to complications, it is important to recognise and treat symptoms early. In this guide, we discuss everything about cystitis: from causes and symptoms to treatment and prevention.

1. What is a bladder infection?

A cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder wall, usually caused by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), that enter the bladder through the urethra. This can lead to irritation and inflammation of the bladder wall.

Bladder infections are more common in women than men because of the shorter urethra, which allows bacteria to reach the bladder more quickly. It is also more common in the elderly, pregnant women and people with weakened immune systems.

2. How do you get a bladder infection?

A bladder infection occurs when bacteria enter the bladder and multiply there. This can happen through:

• Inadequate hygiene (such as wiping from back to front after toilet use).
• Sexual contact, which can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract.
• Failure to urinate completely, leaving bacteria in the bladder.
• Reduced immunity due to stress, illness or medication use.
• Frequent use of irritating products, such as scented soap or bath foam.

3. What are the symptoms of cystitis?

Symptoms of a bladder infection can vary, but the most common symptoms are:

• Pain or burning sensation when urinating
• Frequent need to urinate small amounts
• Pressure feeling in the lower abdomen
• Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
• Blood in urine
• Fever and chills (for more severe infections)

In men, there may also be symptoms such as pain in the prostate or pain during ejaculation.

4. How is a bladder infection diagnosed?

A doctor can diagnose a bladder infection based on the symptoms and may perform a urine test. This test can show bacteria or white blood cells in the urine, indicating an infection.

In some cases, additional tests may be needed, such as a culture to determine the type of bacteria causing the infection and which antibiotics are effective. You can also choose to take our bladder infection test so you can test it at home.

5. How do you treat a bladder infection?

A mild bladder infection can sometimes go away on its own, but often a short course of antibiotics is needed to clear the infection. In addition, the following measures can help relieve symptoms:

• Drink plenty of water to flush the bladder.
• Avoid caffeine and alcohol, as these can irritate the bladder.
• Urinate regularly and completely to avoid giving bacteria a chance.

6. Which antibiotics are used?

The most commonly prescribed antibiotics for a bladder infection are:

• Nitrofurantoin
• Phosphomycin
• Trimethoprim

The choice depends on the severity of the infection and any allergies. It is important to complete the cure completely to avoid reinfection and resistance.

7. Can a bladder infection go away on its own?

Yes, some mild bladder infections can disappear without antibiotics by drinking plenty of fluids and taking rest. However, if symptoms persist or worsen for more than 2-3 days, it is wise to consult a doctor.

8. What helps against a bladder infection?

Besides antibiotics, these measures can help:

• Cranberry juice or cranberry supplements
• Vitamin C to increase urine acidity
• D-Mannose, a natural sugar that helps eliminate bacteria
• Warm compresses against abdominal pain

9. What can you do to prevent a bladder infection?

• Drink plenty of water (1.5 – 2 litres per day).
• Go to the toilet immediately after sex to flush away bacteria.
• Avoid scented soaps and panty liners.
• Wear cotton underwear and avoid tight trousers.

10. Bladder infection and pregnancy: what do you need to know?

Bladder infections are more common during pregnancy due to hormonal changes. An untreated bladder infection can lead to complications, such as premature birth. Pregnant women are advised to consult a doctor immediately in case of symptoms.

11. Bladder infection in men vs women

In men, cystitis is less common but often more serious when it occurs. It may indicate an underlying condition such as prostate problems. Women are more likely to suffer from bladder infections due to their shorter urethra.

12. Frequently asked questions (FAQ)

Do you have symptoms? Consult a doctor for the right treatment!